Module java.naming
Package javax.naming

## Class InitialContext

- java.lang.Object
- - javax.naming.InitialContext

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    `Context`
  Direct Known Subclasses:
    `InitialDirContext`

      public class InitialContext
      extends Object
      implements Context

  This class is the starting context for performing naming operations.

  All naming operations are relative to a context. The initial context implements the Context interface and provides the starting point for resolution of names.

  When the initial context is constructed, its environment is initialized with properties defined in the environment parameter passed to the constructor, and in any application resource files.

  JNDI determines each property's value by merging the values from the following two sources, in order:

  1. The first occurrence of the property from the constructor's environment parameter and system properties.
  2. The application resource files (`jndi.properties`).
  For each property found in both of these two sources, or in more than one application resource file, the property's value is determined as follows. If the property is one of the standard JNDI properties that specify a list of JNDI factories (see `Context`), all of the values are concatenated into a single colon-separated list. For other properties, only the first value found is used.

  The initial context implementation is determined at runtime. The default policy uses the environment property "`java.naming.factory.initial`", which contains the class name of the initial context factory. An exception to this policy is made when resolving URL strings, as described below.

  When a URL string (a `String` of the form scheme_id:rest_of_name) is passed as a name parameter to any method, a URL context factory for handling that scheme is located and used to resolve the URL. If no such factory is found, the initial context specified by `"java.naming.factory.initial"` is used. Similarly, when a `CompositeName` object whose first component is a URL string is passed as a name parameter to any method, a URL context factory is located and used to resolve the first name component. See `NamingManager.getURLContext()` for a description of how URL context factories are located.

  This default policy of locating the initial context and URL context factories may be overridden by calling `NamingManager.setInitialContextFactoryBuilder()`.

  NoInitialContextException is thrown when an initial context cannot be instantiated. This exception can be thrown during any interaction with the InitialContext, not only when the InitialContext is constructed. For example, the implementation of the initial context might lazily retrieve the context only when actual methods are invoked on it. The application should not have any dependency on when the existence of an initial context is determined.

  When the environment property "java.naming.factory.initial" is non-null, the InitialContext constructor will attempt to create the initial context specified therein. At that time, the initial context factory involved might throw an exception if a problem is encountered. However, it is provider implementation-dependent when it verifies and indicates to the users of the initial context any environment property- or connection- related problems. It can do so lazily--delaying until an operation is performed on the context, or eagerly, at the time the context is constructed.

  An InitialContext instance is not synchronized against concurrent access by multiple threads. Multiple threads each manipulating a different InitialContext instance need not synchronize. Threads that need to access a single InitialContext instance concurrently should synchronize amongst themselves and provide the necessary locking.

  Since:
    1.3, JNDI 1.1
  See Also:
    `Context`, `NamingManager.setInitialContextFactoryBuilder`

- - ### Field Summary

    Fields
    Modifier and Type | Field | Description
    --- | --- | ---
    `protected Context` | `defaultInitCtx` | Field holding the result of calling NamingManager.getInitialContext().
    `protected boolean` | `gotDefault` | Field indicating whether the initial context has been obtained by calling NamingManager.getInitialContext().
    `protected Hashtable<Object,​Object>` | `myProps` | The environment associated with this InitialContext.

    - ### Fields declared in interface javax.naming.Context

      `APPLET, AUTHORITATIVE, BATCHSIZE, DNS_URL, INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, LANGUAGE, OBJECT_FACTORIES, PROVIDER_URL, REFERRAL, SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, SECURITY_PROTOCOL, STATE_FACTORIES, URL_PKG_PREFIXES`

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Modifier | Constructor | Description
    --- | --- | ---
    `` | `InitialContext()` | Constructs an initial context.
    `protected` | `InitialContext​(boolean lazy)` | Constructs an initial context with the option of not initializing it.
    `` | `InitialContext​(Hashtable<?,​?> environment)` | Constructs an initial context using the supplied environment.

  - ### Method Summary

    Modifier and Type | Method | Description
    --- | --- | ---
    `String` | `composeName​(String name, String prefix)` | Composes the name of this context with a name relative to this context.
    `Name` | `composeName​(Name name, Name prefix)` | Composes the name of this context with a name relative to this context.
    `static <T> T` | `doLookup​(String name)` | A static method to retrieve the named object.
    `static <T> T` | `doLookup​(Name name)` | A static method to retrieve the named object.
    `protected Context` | `getDefaultInitCtx()` | Retrieves the initial context by calling `NamingManager.getInitialContext()` and cache it in defaultInitCtx.
    `protected Context` | `getURLOrDefaultInitCtx​(String name)` | Retrieves a context for resolving the string name `name`.
    `protected Context` | `getURLOrDefaultInitCtx​(Name name)` | Retrieves a context for resolving `name`.
    `protected void` | `init​(Hashtable<?,​?> environment)` | Initializes the initial context using the supplied environment.

    - ### Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

      `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

    - ### Methods declared in interface javax.naming.Context

      `addToEnvironment, bind, bind, close, createSubcontext, createSubcontext, destroySubcontext, destroySubcontext, getEnvironment, getNameInNamespace, getNameParser, getNameParser, list, list, listBindings, listBindings, lookup, lookup, lookupLink, lookupLink, rebind, rebind, removeFromEnvironment, rename, rename, unbind, unbind`

- - ### Field Detail

    - #### myProps

          protected Hashtable<Object,​Object> myProps

      The environment associated with this InitialContext. It is initialized to null and is updated by the constructor that accepts an environment or by the `init()` method.
      See Also:
        `Context.addToEnvironment(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)`, `Context.removeFromEnvironment(java.lang.String)`, `Context.getEnvironment()`

    - #### defaultInitCtx

          protected Context defaultInitCtx

      Field holding the result of calling NamingManager.getInitialContext(). It is set by getDefaultInitCtx() the first time getDefaultInitCtx() is called. Subsequent invocations of getDefaultInitCtx() return the value of defaultInitCtx.
      See Also:
        `getDefaultInitCtx()`

    - #### gotDefault

          protected boolean gotDefault

      Field indicating whether the initial context has been obtained by calling NamingManager.getInitialContext(). If true, its result is in `defaultInitCtx`.

  - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### InitialContext

          protected InitialContext​(boolean lazy)
                            throws NamingException

      Constructs an initial context with the option of not initializing it. This may be used by a constructor in a subclass when the value of the environment parameter is not yet known at the time the `InitialContext` constructor is called. The subclass's constructor will call this constructor, compute the value of the environment, and then call `init()` before returning.
      Parameters:
        `lazy` - true means do not initialize the initial context; false is equivalent to calling `new InitialContext()`
      Throws:
        `NamingException` - if a naming exception is encountered
      Since:
        1.3
      See Also:
        `init(Hashtable)`

    - #### InitialContext

          public InitialContext()
                         throws NamingException

      Constructs an initial context. No environment properties are supplied. Equivalent to `new InitialContext(null)`.
      Throws:
        `NamingException` - if a naming exception is encountered
      See Also:
        `InitialContext(Hashtable)`

    - #### InitialContext

          public InitialContext​(Hashtable<?,​?> environment)
                         throws NamingException

      Constructs an initial context using the supplied environment. Environment properties are discussed in the class description.

      This constructor will not modify `environment` or save a reference to it, but may save a clone. Caller should not modify mutable keys and values in `environment` after it has been passed to the constructor.

      Parameters:
        `environment` - environment used to create the initial context. Null indicates an empty environment.
      Throws:
        `NamingException` - if a naming exception is encountered

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### init

          protected void init​(Hashtable<?,​?> environment)
                       throws NamingException

      Initializes the initial context using the supplied environment. Environment properties are discussed in the class description.

      This method will modify `environment` and save a reference to it. The caller may no longer modify it.

      Parameters:
        `environment` - environment used to create the initial context. Null indicates an empty environment.
      Throws:
        `NamingException` - if a naming exception is encountered
      Since:
        1.3
      See Also:
        `InitialContext(boolean)`

    - #### doLookup

          public static <T> T doLookup​(Name name)
                                throws NamingException

      A static method to retrieve the named object. This is a shortcut method equivalent to invoking:

      `InitialContext ic = new InitialContext(); Object obj = ic.lookup();`

      If `name` is empty, returns a new instance of this context (which represents the same naming context as this context, but its environment may be modified independently and it may be accessed concurrently).

      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the type of the returned object
      Parameters:
        `name` - the name of the object to look up
      Returns:
        the object bound to `name`
      Throws:
        `NamingException` - if a naming exception is encountered
      Since:
        1.6
      See Also:
        `doLookup(String)`, `Context.lookup(Name)`

    - #### doLookup

          public static <T> T doLookup​(String name)
                                throws NamingException

      A static method to retrieve the named object. See `doLookup(Name)` for details.
      Type Parameters:
        `T` - the type of the returned object
      Parameters:
        `name` - the name of the object to look up
      Returns:
        the object bound to `name`
      Throws:
        `NamingException` - if a naming exception is encountered
      Since:
        1.6

    - #### getDefaultInitCtx

          protected Context getDefaultInitCtx()
                                       throws NamingException

      Retrieves the initial context by calling `NamingManager.getInitialContext()` and cache it in defaultInitCtx. Set `gotDefault` so that we know we've tried this before.
      Returns:
        The non-null cached initial context.
      Throws:
        `NoInitialContextException` - If cannot find an initial context.
        `NamingException` - If a naming exception was encountered.

    - #### getURLOrDefaultInitCtx

          protected Context getURLOrDefaultInitCtx​(String name)
                                            throws NamingException

      Retrieves a context for resolving the string name `name`. If `name` name is a URL string, then attempt to find a URL context for it. If none is found, or if `name` is not a URL string, then return `getDefaultInitCtx()`.

      See getURLOrDefaultInitCtx(Name) for description of how a subclass should use this method.

      Parameters:
        `name` - The non-null name for which to get the context.
      Returns:
        A URL context for `name` or the cached initial context. The result cannot be null.
      Throws:
        `NoInitialContextException` - If cannot find an initial context.
        `NamingException` - In a naming exception is encountered.
      See Also:
        `NamingManager.getURLContext(java.lang.String, java.util.Hashtable<?, ?>)`

    - #### getURLOrDefaultInitCtx

          protected Context getURLOrDefaultInitCtx​(Name name)
                                            throws NamingException

      Retrieves a context for resolving `name`. If the first component of `name` name is a URL string, then attempt to find a URL context for it. If none is found, or if the first component of `name` is not a URL string, then return `getDefaultInitCtx()`.

      When creating a subclass of InitialContext, use this method as follows. Define a new method that uses this method to get an initial context of the desired subclass.

      >      protected XXXContext getURLOrDefaultInitXXXCtx(Name name)
      >      throws NamingException {
      >       Context answer = getURLOrDefaultInitCtx(name);
      >       if (!(answer instanceof XXXContext)) {
      >         if (answer == null) {
      >           throw new NoInitialContextException();
      >         } else {
      >           throw new NotContextException("Not an XXXContext");
      >         }
      >       }
      >       return (XXXContext)answer;
      >      }

      When providing implementations for the new methods in the subclass, use this newly defined method to get the initial context.

      >      public Object XXXMethod1(Name name, ...) {
      >       throws NamingException {
      >         return getURLOrDefaultInitXXXCtx(name).XXXMethod1(name, ...);
      >      }

      Parameters:
        `name` - The non-null name for which to get the context.
      Returns:
        A URL context for `name` or the cached initial context. The result cannot be null.
      Throws:
        `NoInitialContextException` - If cannot find an initial context.
        `NamingException` - In a naming exception is encountered.
      See Also:
        `NamingManager.getURLContext(java.lang.String, java.util.Hashtable<?, ?>)`

    - #### composeName

          public String composeName​(String name,
                                    String prefix)
                             throws NamingException

      Composes the name of this context with a name relative to this context. Since an initial context may never be named relative to any context other than itself, the value of the `prefix` parameter must be an empty name (`""`).
      Specified by:
        `composeName` in interface `Context`
      Parameters:
        `name` - a name relative to this context
        `prefix` - the name of this context relative to one of its ancestors
      Returns:
        the composition of `prefix` and `name`
      Throws:
        `NamingException` - if a naming exception is encountered

    - #### composeName

          public Name composeName​(Name name,
                                  Name prefix)
                           throws NamingException

      Composes the name of this context with a name relative to this context. Since an initial context may never be named relative to any context other than itself, the value of the `prefix` parameter must be an empty name.
      Specified by:
        `composeName` in interface `Context`
      Parameters:
        `name` - a name relative to this context
        `prefix` - the name of this context relative to one of its ancestors
      Returns:
        the composition of `prefix` and `name`
      Throws:
        `NamingException` - if a naming exception is encountered
      See Also:
        `Context.composeName(String, String)`